Reference :1
Carvalho, C.M., Salomao, C.C., 2000. Culture of litchi. pp 38. Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa .
Chanana, Y.R., Gill, K.S., 2006. Impact of girdling, thinning and their combination on quality and maturity in Florida Prince Peach. Indian Journal of Horticulture63(1), 27-30
Chun, Y.L., David, W., Eliezer, E.G., 2003. Girdling affects carbohydrate-related gene expression in leaves, bark and roots of alternate-bearing citrus trees. Annals of Botany92, 137–143
Denaxa, N.K., Vemmos, S.N., Roussos, P.A., 2021.Shoot girdling improves rooting performance of Kalamata Olive cuttings by upregulating carbohydrates, polyamines and phenolic Compounds. Agriculture 11, 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture 11010071
Dennis, F.G.J., 1968. Growth and flowering responses of apple and pear seedlings to growth retardants and scoring. Journal of American Society of Horticulture Science93, 56-61
Ghosh, S.P., 2001. World trade in litchi: past, present and future. Acta Horticulturae558(34), 233–235.
Gomez, K.A., Gomez, A.A., 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research (2nd Edition). An International Rice Research Institute Book, A Willey –Interscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons.
Goren, R., Huberman, M., Goldschmidt, E.E., 2003. Girdling: physiological and horticultural aspects. Horticultural Reviews30, 1–36.
Hogberg, P., Nordgren, A., Buchmann, N., Taylor, A.F., Ekblad, A., Hogberg, M., Nyberg, G., Ottosson-Lofvenius, M., Read, D., 2001. Large-scale forest girdling shows that current photosynthesis drives soil respiration. Nature 411, 789–792.
Huang, X.M., 2005. Litchi and longan - botany, production and uses, menzel C and waite G K (Eds). CABI Publication, Wallingford, Oxford, UK.
Khandaker, M.M., Hossain, A.S., Osman, N., Boyce, A.N. , 2011. Application of girdling for improved fruit retention, yield and fruit quality in Syzygium samarangense under field conditions. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 13: 18–24
Kumar, A., Pandey, S.D., Patel, R.K., Singh, S.K., Srivastava, K., Nath, V., 2015. Induction of flowering by use of chemicals and cincturing in Shahi litchi. EcoscanSpecial issue VII: 493–496
Kumar, A., Pandey, S.D., Patel, R.K., Srivastava, K., Tripathi, M., Nath, V., 2017. Effect of girdling on flowering and fruiting of litchi (Litchi chinensis) in subtropics of Bihar. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 87(3), 397-401
Li, J.G., Huang, H.B., Gao, F.F., Huang, X.M., Wang, H.C., 2001. An overview of litchi fruit cracking. Acta Horticulturae558, 205–208.
Li, C.Y., Weiss, D., Goldschmidt, E.E., 2003. Girdling affects carbohydrate related gene expression in leaves, bark, and root of alternate bearing Citrus trees. Annals of Botany 92, 137–143
Lopez, R., Brossa, R., Gil, L., Pita, P., 2015. Stem girdling evidences a trade-off between cambial activity and sprouting and dramatically reduces plant transpiration due to feedback inhibition of photosynthesis and hormone signaling. Frontiers in Plant Science 6, 285 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00285
Maier, C., Johnsen, K., Clinton, B., Ludovici, K., 2010. Relationships between stem CO2 efflux, substrate supply, and growth in young loblolly pine trees. New. Phytologist 185, 502–513.
Malhotra, S.K., Singh, S.K., Nath, V., 2018. Physiology of flowering in litchi (Litchi chinensis): A review. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 88(9), 1319–1330
Menzel, C.M., Simpson, D.R., 1991. Effects of temperature and leaf water stress on panicle and flower development of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). Journal of Horticulture Science66, 335–344
Menzel, C.M., Simpson, D.R., 1995. Temperatures above 200C reduce flowering in lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology70(6), 981–988.
Menzel, C.M., 1983. The control of floral initiation in lychee: a review. Scientia Horticulture21, 201–215.
Menzel, C.M., Watson, B.J., Simpson, D.R., 1992. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No 2 Edible Fruits and NutsPudoc–DLO, Wageningen, the Netherlands 45, 522–546.
Mostafa, E.A.M., Saleh, M.M.S., 2006. Response of balady Mandarin trees to girdling and potassium sprays under sandy soil conditions. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 2, 137–141.
Nakasone, H.K., Paull, R.E., 1998. Tropical Fruits. CAB International, Wallingford, UK
Parrott, D., McInnerney, K., Feller, U., Fischer, A., 2007. Steam-girdling of barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves leads to carbohydrate accumulation and accelerated leaf senescence, facilitating transcriptomic analysis of senescence-associated genes. New Phytologist 176, 56–69.
Raffo, M.D., Ponce, N.M., Sozzi, G.O., Vicente, A.R., Stortz, C.A., 2011. Compositional changes in ‘Bartlett’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) cell wall polysaccharides as affected by sunlight conditions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59(22), 12155–12162.
Ramburn, N., 2001. Effects of girdling and growth retardants on flowering and fruiting of litchi in Mauritius. Acta Horticulturae558, 229–232
Rivas, F., Arbiza, H., Gravina, A., 2004. Caracterizacion del comportamiento reproductive de la mandarin ‘Nova’ en el sur del Uruguay. Agrociencia8, 79–88.
Rivas, F., Fernando, F., Agustí, M., 2008. Girdling induces oxidative damage and triggers enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defences in Citrus leaves. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 64, 256–263
Shao, L.H., Deng, L., Qing, L.Y., 1998. Effects of floral promotion or inhibition treatments on flowering of citrus trees and protein fraction in buds. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany6, 124–130.
Singh, B., Singh, S., Sandhu, S., 2012. Effect of growth retardants on vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting of litchi cv. Calcuttia. Horticulture Flora Research Spectrum1, 29–33.
Su, Z., Xiao, Q., Shen, J., Chen, H., Yan, S., Huang, W., 2021. Metabolomics analysis of litchi leaves during floral induction reveals metabolic improvement by stem girdling. Molecules 6, 4048. doi.org/10.3390/ molecules26134048
Urban, L., Alphonsout, L., 2006. Girdling decreases photosynthetic electron fluxes and induce sustained photoprotection in mango leaves. Tree Physiology27, 345–352.
Van de Wal, B., Windt, C., Leroux, O., Steppe, K., 2017. Heat girdling does not affect xylem integrity: An in vivo magnetic resonance imaging study in the tomato peduncle. New Phytologist 215, 558–568.
Wright, G.C., 2000. Girdling ‘Fairchild’ mandarins and ‘Lisbon’ lemons to improve Fruit Size. Citrus and Deciduous Fruit and Nut Research Report10, 102–107.
Yuan, R., Huang, H., 1993. Regulation of roots and shoots growth and fruit-drop of young litchi trees by trunk girdling in view of source-sink relationships. Journal of Fruit Science 10, 195–198.
Zhou, X.J., Huang, D.Y., Huang, H.B., Wu, D.Y., 1999. Carbohydrate and endohormone status in relation to fruit set as influenced by trunk spiral girdling of young litchi trees. Acta Horticulturae Sinica26(2), 77–80.
Zhou, X., Wu, D., Huang, H., Lai, J., Huang, D., 1996. Manipulating growth and fruiting of young litchi trees by spiral girdling. Acta Horticulturae 23, 13–18.
.jpg)
.jpg)
