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Effect of FYM, Phosphorus and PSB on Growth, Yield and Quality of Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilckzek] on Loamy Sand

Karnavat Rekha, Pavaya R. P., Chaudhary Neha and Sweta Patel

  • Page No:  220 - 223
  • Published online: 07 Apr 2018
  • DOI : HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.23910/IJBSM/2018.9.2.3C0375b

  • Abstract
  •  nehakakvadiya@gmail.com

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2014 on phosphorus management in greengram to study the effectof two FYM levels viz., 0 t FYM ha-1 and 10 t FYM ha-1 and seven treatments of phosphorus viz., Only PSB, 20 kg P2O5 ha-1, 20 kg P2O5 ha-1+PSB, 30 kg P2O5 ha-1, 30 kg P2O5 ha-1+PSB, 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1+PSB on growth, yield attributes and yield and economics of greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilckzek]. Application of 10 t FYM ha-1 gave maximum values of all the growth and yield attributes of greengram. This application registered 7.2 and 7.3% higher seed and stover yield as compared to control respectively. Significantly higher value of growth parameters, yield attributes, yield and quality parameters were recorded with 10 t FYM ha-1 application as compare to no FYM application. Phosphorus application 40 kg P2O5 ha-1+PSB were significantly increased on growth and yield attributes (plant height, branches plant-1, root nodules plant-1, fresh and dry weight of root nodules, pod length, pods plant-1, 1000 grain weight), seed and stover yield compared to PSB only. Application of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1+PSB resulted significant increase in all these atrributes over PSB only. Absolute control (only PSB) produced significantly poor performance of these attributes than rest treatments.

Keywords :   Greengram, FYM, Phosphorus, PSB

  • Introduction

    Green gram is also known as mung, moong, mungo, golden gram, Chickasaw pea and Oregon pea. It contains about 25% protein, 1.3% fat, 3.5% minerals, 4.1% fiber and 56.7% carbohydrate. The origin of cultivated green gram is India and central Asia. In India, it occupied an area of 3.44 mha having total production of 18.3 mt of grain with productivity of 1100 kg ha-1 (Anon., 2013–14). In India, major green gram producing states are Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Bihar. In Gujarat, it is grown on an area of 2.30 lakh ha with the production of 1.21 lakh tones and productivity of 526 kg ha-1 (Anon., 2010–11). In Banaskantha district,it is grown in area of 182 ha with the production of 86 mt of grain with the productivity of 473 kg ha-1 (2012–13). Phosphorus plays a keyrole in various physiological processes like root growth and dry matter production, nodulation and nitrogen fixation and also in metabolic activities especially in protein synthesis. It helps in establishing seedling quickly and also hastens maturity as well as improves the quality of crop produce. The most obvious effect of phosphorus is on the root system of plants. It promotes the formation of lateral and fibrous roots, which facilitates to bacteria for nodulation and ultimately increases the nitrogen fixation in leguminous crops. The role of organic manure is well recognized and considered as balance manures which supplies macro and micro nutrients essential toplants Farm yard manure (FYM) is one of the important organic manures, which supplies a suitable mineral balance and improves nutrient availability by enzymes. The PSB like Pseudomonas and Bacillus also enhances the availability of phosphorus to the plant by converting insoluble phosphorus from the soil in the soluble form. The PSB like Pseudomonas striata bacterial inoculation was found as equivalent to supply 50 kg P2O5  ha-1 through single super phosphate (Gour et al., 1980). More over use of this bio-fertilizer also reduced the environmental pollution caused by heavy use of chemical fertilizer (Deshmukh and Bhapkar, 1982).


  • Materials and Methods

    A field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2014 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, C.P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar. Fourteen treatment combinations comprising of two FYM levels viz., 0 t FYM ha-1 (F0) and 10 t FYM ha-1 (F1) and seven treatments of phosphorus viz., P1 (Only PSB), P2 (20 kg P2O5 ha-1), P3 (20 kg P2O5 ha-1+PSB), P4 (30 kg P2O5 ha-1), P5 (30 kg P2O5 ha-1+PSB), P6 (40 kg P2O5 ha-1) and P7 (40 kg P2O5 ha-1 +PSB) were evaluated in factorial randomized block design by replicating three times. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand in texture, low in organic carbon (0.17%), available sulphur (8.50 mg kg-1) and nitrogen (160.7 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (48.9 kg ha-1), iron (7.60 mg kg-1) and zinc (0.58 mg kg-1) and high in available potash (286 kg ha-1) with 7.6 pH.Greengram cultivar GM 4 was sown on first week of July the year behind the plough at row spacing of 45 cm@ of 20 kg seed ha-1. The plants were spaced at 15 cm by thinning after 20 days of sowing. PSB was inoculated with seed just before sowing as per treatments requirement. DAP was applied as placement method 3–5 cm below the seed at time of sowing. At the time of sowing a 20 kg N ha-1 dose was maintained to all treatments for early better growth. The crop was harvested at second week of September. The data on growth and yield attributes were recorded from randomly selected five plants in each plot and seed yield and stover yield recorded from net plot and converted on hectare basis. The protein content in grain was calculated by multiplying nitrogen content of the seed (per cent) with the factor 6.25 as reported by Gupta et al.(1972) and was expressed as percentage. The data were analyzed statistically by adopting the standard procedures described by Panse and Sukhatme (1967).


  • Results and Discussion

    3.1.  Growth and yield attributes

    Growth (plant height, branches plant-1, root nodules plant-1, fresh and dry weight of root nodules) and yield attributes (pod length, pods plant-1 and 1000 grain weight) (Table 1) were significantly increased FYM @10 t ha-1 application over PSB only. This increase might be owing to batter favorable condition for the microorganisms or helped to make conducive soil for proliferation of microbes in soil that resulted in higher growth of plant and increase weight of root nodules. The marked increase in various yield components with the addition of FYM seems to be not only due to adequate supply of assimilates per nutrients, but also to its pivotal role in informing physico-chemical and biological properties of the soil. Application of phosphorus significantly increased the growth and yield attributes with the increasing levels upto 40 kg P2O5 ha-1+ PSB (Table 1). This was largely attributed to better growth of plant which resulted in adequate supply of photosynthates for development of sink under higher level of phosphorus availability. Positive responses in terms of yield attributes to phosphorus application have also been reported by Wagadre et al. (2010); Bhatt, P.K. (2011), Gabhane et al. (2016), Khan et al. (2017) and Das (2017). Rest treatment recorded significantly better growth and yield attributes as compare to control due to poor phosphorus availability in control.

    3.2.  Seed and stover yield

    The highest seed (727 kg ha-1) and stover (1399 kg ha-1) was recorded by the application of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1+PSBas well as FYM @ 10 t ha-1 application over PSB only (Table 2). These results might be clearly suggest that seed yield is an


    artifact of several yield components, which are dependent on source (photosynthates/metabolites/nutrients) and sink (yield components particularly number of seeds pod-1 and test weight) and improvement in all these aspects under the influence of organic fertilization resulted in realization of higher productivity in terms of seed yield. Results are in close conformity with the findings of Singh et al. (1998), Shete et al. (2010), Mary et al. (2015) and Meena et al. (2016).

    The 40 kg P2O5 ha-1+PSB (P7) treatment recorded 17 and 17.76 per cent higher seed and stover yield as compared to only PSB (P1), respectively. This might be due to significantly increase in P availability and uptake resulted profuse nodulation leading to greater symbiotic N fixation which in turn has positive effect on photosynthesis then on yield ha-1. Response of phosphorus was also reported by Singh et al. (1998), Shete et al.(2010), Gabhane et al. (2016); Patel et al. (2017).

    3.3.  Quality parameter

    The protein yield was significantly higherunder 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 +PSB as well as FYM @ 10 t ha-1 application (Table 2). The protein content is dependent on plant growth and nutritional composition. Increase in protein content in grain may be due to enhanced uptake and translocation of nitrates which provide nitrogen for amino acid synthesis. The results are in close conformity with the findings of Deshmukh et al. (2005), Sutariaet al.(2010); Jat et al. (2012); Dhakal et al. (2016); Venkatarao et al. (2017).


  • Conclusion

    Based on the experimental results, it is concluded that for obtaining highest greengram production, the crop should befertilized with 40 kg P2O5 ha-1+PSB in loamy sand soil of north Gujarat.


  • Reference
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Cite

1.
Rekha K, P PR, Neha C, Patel S. Effect of FYM, Phosphorus and PSB on Growth, Yield and Quality of Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilckzek] on Loamy Sand IJBSM [Internet]. 07Apr.2018[cited 8Feb.2022];9(1):220-223. Available from: http://www.pphouse.org/ijbsm-article-details.php?article=1123

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